Fragrance chemicals are among the top five allergens worldwide; trade secret protections prevent full consumer disclosure

This early review documented the growing public health concerns around synthetic fragrance chemicals in consumer products. The author noted that fragrance ingredients are among the top five allergens globally, causing contact dermatitis, respiratory sensitization, and neurological effects. A key concern raised was that fragrance formulations are protected as trade secrets in the US, allowing manufacturers to list 'fragrance' or 'parfum' on labels without disclosing the specific chemicals used. This review was an early call for fragrance transparency that would become central to the clean beauty movement's agenda.

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