Vitamin C promotes collagen synthesis, provides photoprotection, and reduces hyperpigmentation when delivered topically at effective concentrations

This comprehensive review examined the biological roles of vitamin C (ascorbic acid) in skin health, covering its functions in collagen synthesis, antioxidant photoprotection, and melanin reduction. The authors reviewed clinical and in-vitro evidence showing that topical vitamin C at concentrations of 10–20% can stimulate collagen production, reduce UV-induced free radical damage, and decrease hyperpigmentation. The review noted that vitamin C's instability and formulation challenges (pH, oxidation) are key barriers to efficacy. It has become a standard reference for evaluating vitamin C serums and derivatives in the skincare industry.

University of Otago