The research found only three small studies showing topical and oral glutathione might slightly lighten skin, but there's no solid proof that IV injections work—and the Philippines FDA actually warned against them due to safety concerns. The science suggests glutathione could theoretically reduce melanin production, but we don't know how long results last, if they're permanent, or what the best dose is.

This was a literature review that examined existing research on glutathione's skin-lightening claims, including its chemistry, how it might work in the body, and the quality of evidence behind different delivery methods (oral, topical, and injectable).

Funding not disclosed in abstract